Orientation
NVDA uses an NVDA modifier key with other keys. Insert is common in desktop layout, while Caps Lock may be used in laptop layout or by user preference. Test reports should state the layout or modifier when commands matter.
Browse mode and focus mode
In web content, NVDA commonly uses browse mode for reading and structural navigation. Focus mode is used when the user needs to interact directly with fields, widgets, and application controls. A product defect can appear as missing structure, incorrect mode switching, or an interaction that works only after an unexpected manual toggle.
Browser combinations
NVDA is frequently tested with Chrome, Firefox, and Edge. Chromium-based browsers can behave similarly, but they are not a substitute for every browser combination. Firefox can reveal different browser and accessibility-tree behaviour.
Product-team implications
Check headings, landmarks, link purpose, form labels, errors, table headers, focus movement, live updates, custom widgets, keyboard traps, and whether instructions remain available in both reading and interaction paths.
Useful testing tools
NVDA includes tools such as Speech Viewer and input help. They can support repeatable testing, but the product evidence should still describe the task, exposed information, focus movement, command sequence, expected result, and user impact.
Practical route
Run one realistic desktop web task. Start at the page heading, navigate by headings and landmarks, enter a form, trigger an error, recover, operate one custom control, inspect any table or list structure, and confirm the final status message.